House of Representatives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Place of Representatives - Essay Example In spite of the fact that it is important to be dynamic inside the crusade as a methods for keeping up reputation and drawing in with the partners at home, trying to burn through two huge a portion of time on the battle field opens up a particular weakness inside the re-appointment battle itself. In such a manner, the adversary can highlight the way that the delegate is by one way or another evading their obligations and not being available at the particular employment and decisions in favor of which he/she is paid for. In such a manner, regardless of whether it disproportional degree of time to spend trying to tune in to and gain partner criticism concerning the battle field, such a strategy and effectively blowback upon the delegate because of the way that missed votes and absence of cooperation inside the House of Representatives can possibly lead the voter to comprehend that the specific agent being referred to doesn't esteem or pay attention to their job inside the procedure of portrayal. As a component of this reality, the best system to seek after is concerning trying to satisfactorily adjust the measure of time is spent on the battle field just as serving inside the House of Representatives. ... As an element of demonstrating to the people that they worth and pay attention to their job, it is the duty of the agent to likewise try to connect with partners while on the battle field as a methods for tuning in to, distinguishing, and looking to improve their particular concerns instead of only crusading in trying to create votes in favor of a future term. †¢ b. What issues may you stress throughout the following barely any months as you battle and give talks on the House floor? How are these issues identified with your voting public, their socioeconomics, and their qualities? Give at any rate three models. (20 focuses, 300 words) Ultimately, the subject of what issues to help and not many months preceding political race is at last an issue of perceivability. In such a manner, the agent can make themselves known on both an across the country in local stage as an unmistakable supporter of qualities that resounds with the masses that they speak to. In spite of the fact that th is in fact ought to be rehearsed at every single point of a House of Representatives member’s vocation, it can't and ought not be overlooked in the last barely any months paving the way to a political race. One of the current issues that will undoubtedly produce a level of habitation, regardless of whether possibly in support, is the issue of firearm control. In such a manner, if the agent looks for a progression of current firearm control measures, they can obviously depend upon the Bill of Rights, different political activity gatherings, and social preservationists as a methods for furnishing a degree of living arrangement with respect to this specific point. Alternately, in the event that they try to help a further degree of weapon control as a methods for turning away brutality inside the United States, they can

Create Activity Night Opportunities for Families

Make Activity Night Opportunities for Families While understudies in grades 7-12 might be trying their autonomy, guardians and parental figures may feel just as they are getting less important. Research appears, in any case, that even at center school and secondary school grade levels, keeping guardians insider savvy is basic to every understudy scholarly achievement. In the 2002 research review A New Wave of Evidence: The Impact of School, Family, and Community Connections on Student Achievement, Anne T. Henderson and Karen L. Mapp presume that when guardians are engaged with their children’s learning both at home and at school, paying little heed to race/ethnicity, class, or parents’ level of education,â their kids improve in school. A few of the proposals from this report incorporate explicit sorts of association including learning-centered contribution exercises including the accompanying: Family evenings concentrated on content territories (expressions, math, or literacy)Parent-instructor gatherings that include students;Family workshops on getting ready for school; Family action evenings are sorted out on a focal topic and are offered at school during hours that are supported by (working) guardians. At the center and secondary school levels, understudies can completely take an interest too in these movement evenings by going about as hosts/entertainers. Contingent upon the topic for the movement evenings, understudies can show or instruct aptitudes sets. At last, understudies can fill in as sitters at the occasion for guardians who need that help so as to join in. In offering these movement evenings for center and secondary school, thought ought to be given to the age and development of the understudies as a main priority. Including the center school and secondary school understudies when arranging occasions and exercises will give them responsibility for occasion. Family Content Area Nights Proficiency and math evenings are includes in primary schools, yet at the center and secondary school schools, instructors can hope to highlight explicit substance zones, for example, social examinations, science, expressions of the human experience or specialized branches of knowledge. The evenings could highlight understudy work items (EX: craftsmanship appears, woodcraft showings, culinary tastings, science reasonable, and so forth.) or understudy execution (EX: music, verse perusing, dramatization). These family evenings could be sorted out and offered school wide as enormous occasions or in littler settings by singular instructors in study halls. Grandstand Curriculum and Planning Nights While much consideration has been on the educational plan corrections occurring nationwideâ to line up with the Common Core State Standards, singular school region educational program changes are what guardians need to comprehend in arranging scholastic choices for their youngsters. Facilitating educational program evenings in center and secondary school lets guardians see the arrangement of study for every scholarly track offered in the school. A diagram of a schools course contributions alsoâ keeps guardians in the loopâ onâ what understudies will learn (targets) and how estimations for understanding will be done in bothâ formative assessmentsâ and in summative appraisals. Athletic Program Numerous guardians are keen on a school regions athletic program. A family action night is a perfect scene to share this data for planning an understudies scholarly course burden and sports plan. Mentors and instructors at each school can talk about how guardians ought to know about the time duties expected of taking an interest in a game, even at the intra-painting level. Arrangement of coursework and consideration on GPAs, weighted evaluations, and class rank given ahead of time to guardians of understudies who wish to partake in school athletic grant programs is significant, and this data from athletic executives and direction advocates can start as right on time as seventh grade. End Parent association can be empowered through family movement evenings that offerâ information on an assortment of pertinent points, for example, those recorded previously. Studies to all partners (instructors, understudies, and guardians) can help plan these family movement evenings ahead of time just as give criticism after participation. Popular family action evenings can be rehashed from year to year.â Despite the point, all partners, share duty in getting ready planning understudies for school and profession preparation in the 21st Century. Family action evenings are the perfect setting to share basic data attached to this mutual obligation.

Essay Topics - When to Write More Than One Essay Topic

Essay Topics - When to Write More Than One Essay TopicWhile IELTS writing tasks usually have an initial focus on the basics, IELTS writing task 2 (U.K. English), then moves to a more complex topic, and IELTS writing task 3 (Advanced U.K. English), which is a task where you will learn how to make effective use of new vocabulary terms in the research process. However, these are not the only 2 writing tasks involved in the IELTS writing assessment process.The next 2 writing tasks are called additional essay topics and in most cases are considered just one aspect of your essay. After completing this first essay topic, you are now ready to select a second essay topic that will encompass all the other topics that you failed to cover in your first essay. You must also be prepared to begin working on your supplemental essay topics once again once you have completed your first assignment.It is important to realize that the two writing tasks outlined above are not always sequential. For exampl e, your second essay topic may be completely different from the first. In other words, it could be entirely different in the first few weeks than it is in the last few weeks. In the same way, it is possible that the next essay topic you will consider covering may be completely different from the previous one and so on.It is also important to recognize that some additional essay topics do not require a writing task at all. For example, if you were assigned to complete an essay about the best foods to serve at a baby shower or the most memorable movie characters of all time, the essay topic would involve no writing task at all. Similarly, essay topics with little or no written content that you are assigned to complete will also not require a writing task, such as an essay about yourself or an essay about someone else in your class.However, the addition of essays to your academic course schedule does require writinga writing task. Your first writing task should be to locate and choose an essay topic that will help you reflect on and communicate with the reader. Writing your essay topics is part of the important process of writing an objective essay, and your research should lead you to identify an essay topic that will help you reflect on and communicate with the reader.When you have chosen an essay topic, you are now ready to choose a writing task that will enable you to reflect on and communicate with the reader. These tasks include: analyzing, summarizing, citing sources, linking, illustrating, introducing, discussing, and qualifying. Each of these writing tasks should help you reflect on and communicate with the reader.Once you have chosen a writing task, you are now ready to read the essay and work to reflect on and communicate with the reader. The reader is there for the purpose of reading, and the essay is not there to impress the reader. However, when you succeed in reflecting on and communicating with the reader, you will have accomplished the first part of your first writing task.Although you may be required to provide an essay topic in addition to your additional essay topics, your first task should always be to reflect on and communicate with the reader. This is the first step in writing good essays.

Platos Theory of Human Knowledge Essay - 662 Words

Platos Theory of Human Knowledge Plato contended that all true knowledge is recollection. He stated that we all have innate knowledge that tells us about the things we experience in our world. This knowledge, Plato believed, was gained when the soul resided in the invisible realm, the realm of The Forms and The Good. Platos theory of The Forms argued that everything in the natural world is representative of the ideal of that form. For example, a table is representative of the ideal form Table. The form is the perfect ideal on which the physical table is modeled. These forms do not exist in the natural world, as they are perfect, and there is nothing perfect in the natural world. Rather the forms exist in the invisible realm,†¦show more content†¦is recollected. However, in proving that what we call learning is actually recollection, Plato also proved that the soul is immortal. As was stated, there is no example of true perfection in our world. Yet, we can imagine the idea of perfection. Where could this idea come from if we have not experienced it in our world? We must have experienced it at some point if the idea is within us. Thus, Plato argued that the soul must have existed outside of the natural world. In order for this to be so, it must be immortal, living before it came into this world. It only stands to reason, Plato contended, that it must continue to exist after it leaves this world. How else would it have been in existence before it came into this world? Plato believed that it was a rational assumption that our soul must continue to exist even after our death. Whether Plato believed that the soul migrates from one lifetime to another, one body to another, some would say is unclear. However, I believe that the idea of recollection leans heavily on the assumption that the soul is residing within the invisible realm before it comes into existence in the physical realm. If the soul migrates from one body to another at one persons death and anothers birth, then we would still have no explanation for the souls knowledge of the forms. For wouldnt the previous life have been spent in the natural world, just as this life is? As has already been argued,Show MoreRelatedWeaknesses Of Plato1262 Words   |  6 Pagesthe possibility for one’s mind to uncover knowledge. Knowing one can obtain knowledge motivates the mind to gain more knowledge. Plato explains the theory of recollection by first questioning what virtue is, then demonstrating the process through the questioning of a slave boy. Although a few weaknesses present themselves in Plato’s argument, Plato presents a valid theory on how our minds can obtain knowledge. This paper focuses on exploring Plato’s theory of recollection by examining the strengthsRead MorePlato and Aristotle: a Comparison Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesComparing the political theories of any two great phi losophers is a complex task. Plato and Aristotle are two such philosophers who had ideas of how to improve existing societies during their individual lifetimes. While both Plato and Aristotle were great thinkers, perhaps it is necessary first to examine the ideas of each before showing how one has laid the groundwork and developed certain themes for the other. Plato is regarded by many experts as the first writer of political philosophy. Read MoreDistinctions and Comparisons between Aristotle and Plato Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesThe ideas introduced by Plato on the theory of forms, where deducted and critiqued by Aristotle. Both philosophers can be viewed as having opposing ideologies. Nonetheless, Plato and Aristotle are in agreement on certain factors of their philosophy. Many have scrutinized and compared the dissimilarities and similarities of Aristotles doctrine of categories and Platos theory of forms. The observations found are of an interesting nature. The beauty behind the writings of Plato is to not acceptRead MoreThe Influence of Platos Theories on Chrisianity1169 Words   |  5 Pagesand demi-humans also played a significant role in the Hellenistic culture. The worship of these deities was the mainstream of religion during the Hellenistic period until the rise of the great philosophers. Amongst these philosophers, Plato emerged as one of the founding fathers of Western philosophy. Living from roughly 428 BCE until 348 BCE, Plato’s theories predated Christianity by at least four centuries. Because of this, it can be assumed that early Christian worshippers used Plato’s teachingsRead MorePlatos View in Human Knowledge Essay examples1392 Words   |  6 PagesPlatos View in Human Knowledge Plato presents three different views about knowledge in Meno, Republic, and Theaetetus. In Menos case, Plato believes knowledge as something innate in us when we are born; in his later view, in Republic, Plato believes we perceive things and gain knowledge; and from the last view, in Theaetus, Plato believes knowledge is the combination of a true opinion and a rational opinion. Strangely enough, Platos views in Meno, Republic, and Theaetetus are similar,Read MoreHume vs. Plato on Knowledge: A Comparative Analysis1541 Words   |  6 PagesHume vs. Plato on Knowledge Introduction Platos ideas on knowledge represent, perhaps, the most foundational and influential attempt to establish the boundaries of what can be known. His ideas have had an immense influence on successive philosophers as well as Western Civilization as a whole. David Hume, who came over two millennia after Plato, represents perhaps the most relevant attempt to establish the boundaries of what can be known. Thesis: According to Humes position on ideas and causationRead MorePlatos 4 Analogies Of The Republic Analysis1579 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresent his theory of justice in the ideal state. The four analogies include the ship, the sun, the divided line, and the cave. The analogies of the ship, and the cave are used by Plato to represent the people of the state and proving his argument that philosophers are the true rulers of the state. The divided line and the sun analogies also supports Plato’s point about philosophers obtaining intellectual knowledge apposed to the ordinary citizens who only have sensible knowledge. Plato arguesRead MorePlato s Theory Of Knowledge833 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophers have conventionally defined knowledge as a belief that is both true and justified. Plato first introduces this concept of knowledge in Thaeaetetus where he presents knowledge, to be justified true belief. This definition sufficed until, Edmund Gettier, an American philosopher, pointed out that the conditions could be fulfilled inadvertently, in ways that did not amount to what Plato intuitively regarded to as knowledge. The goal of the Gettier problem is to showcase that one can haveRead MorePlato s Theory Of The Forms1704 Words   |  7 Pages Plato’s Theory of the Forms Travis Meyer PHI 1090 Introduction to Philosophy 12/16/2015 Plato was a Greek philosopher, mathematician, and theologian who lived from 424 BC to 348 BC in Athens, Greece. Plato was born into a high class family in Greece and therefore was very active in the Athenian community since he was from a high status family. He was the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is known to be one of the bestRead MoreThe Ethics Of Plato And Aristotle977 Words   |  4 Pagesethics of Plato and Aristotle. I will explain the five fundamental concepts of Plato and Aristotle. I will focus on their theories on the good life as a life of justice, censorship, knowledge and the good life. I will first explain Plato’s ethics. Plato was a philosopher, both a rationalist and absolutist. According to Plato, people must be schooled to obtain certain kinds of knowledge for example mathematics, philosophy etc. The training will give them the ability to know the nature of the good life

Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide Editorial - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 29 Words: 8567 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/17 Category Management Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide Editorial Writer: J. Schekkerman Version 5. 0 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide Preface Preface An enterprise architecture (EA) establishes the organization-wide roadmap to achieve an organization‘s mission through optimal performance of its core business processes within an efficient information technology (IT) environment. Simply stated, enterprise architectures are ? blueprints? or systematically and completely defining an organization‘s current (baseline) or desired (target) environment. Enterprise architectures are essential for evolving information systems and developing new systems that optimize their mission value. This is accomplished in logical or business terms (e. g. , mission, business functions, information flows, and systems environments) and technical terms (e. g. , software, hardware, communications), and includes a transition plan for transitioning from the baseline environment to the t arget environment. If defined, maintained, and implemented effectively, these blueprints assist in optimizing the interdependencies and interrelationships among the business operations of the enterprise and the underlying IT that support these operations. It has shown that without a complete and enforced EA (Strategic) Business Units of the enterprise run the risk of buying and building systems that are duplicative, incompatible, and unnecessarily costly to maintain and interface. For EAs to be useful and provide business value, their development, maintenance, and implementation should be managed effectively and supported by tools. This step-bystep process guide is intended to assist in defining, maintaining, and implementing EAs by providing a disciplined and rigorous approach to EA life cycle management. It describes major EA program management areas, beginning with: 1. suggested organizational structure and management controls 2. a process for development of a baseline and target architecture, 3. development of a transition plan. The guide is especially focusing on EA tool selection requirements, as well as showing an oversight over existing products today on the market Conclusion The items described in this guide presents fundamental requirements for good EA tool selections. An electronic version of this guide can be ordered at the following Internet address: https://www/enterprise-architecture. info If you have questions or comments about this guide, please contact Jaap Schekkerman at +31(0)627557467, by email at [emailprotected] info Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 i May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide Preface The Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments intended not to use any copyrighted material for this publication or, if not possible, to indicate the copyright or source of the respective object. The Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments has thoroughly checked all the references however could not trace out in all situations the original copyright owner; however it is never our intention to infringe anyone‘s copyrights. All Trade Marks, Service Marks and registered trademarks / service marks mentioned in this publication are the property of their respective organizations. The copyright for any material created by the author is reserved. The Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments (IFEAD) is using an open publication policy. Organizations can use IFEAD‘s materials for their own purposes with a reference notice to IFEADs copyrights. Organizations that want to use IFEAD‘s materials for commercial purposes can achieve a license from IFEAD. The Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments (IFEAD) shall retain ownership of all inventions, hether or not patentable, original works of authorship (whether written or visual), developments, improvements o r trade secrets developed by or licensed to IFEAD or developed by third parties on IFEAD‘s behalf, either prior to or outside of this IPR statement, including but not limited to methodologies, analysis/architectural frameworks, leading practices, specifications, materials and tools (? IFEAD Independent Materials? ) and all IPR therein. Organisations may use the IFEAD Independent Materials provided to Organisations by IFEAD only in furtherance of this IPR statement or with IFEAD‘s prior written consent. IPR? means intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks, design rights, copyrights, database rights, trade secrets and all rights of an equivalent nature anywhere in the world.  © Copyrights Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments (IFEAD), 2001 – 2009, All Rights Reserved Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 ii May 2009 Table of Contents Preface 1. Introduction 1 1. 1. EA Tools Review Framework . 1 1. 2. Functionality Dimension . 2 1. 2. 1. Methodologies and Models 2 1. 2. 2. Model Development Interface . 1. 2. 3. Tool Automation .. . 3 1. 2. 4. Extendibility and Customization . 3 1. 2. 5. Analysis and Manipulation 4 1. 2. 6. Repository .. 4 1. 2. 7. Deployment Architecture .. 1. 2. 8. Costs and Vendor Support 5 1. 2. 9. Architecture Results 5 1. 3. Different Professionals Dimension . 6 1. 3. 1. Enterprise Architects .. 6 1. 3. 2. Solution Architects .. 1. 3. 3. Strategic Planners / Management . 6 1. 3. 4. Enterprise Program Managers . 7 1. 3. 5. Software Architects / Engineers 7 1. 3. 6. External Partners . 7 2. Enterprise Architecture Modelling TOGAF 8 2. 1. The ArchiMate Modelling Language 9 2. 2. TOGAF 9 . 10 3. Overview of Enterprise Architecture Tools(2) . 11 3. 1. Overview of vendors Tools. (3). 11 4. Candidate Tool Requirements Checklist . 12 4. . Candidate list of EA Tool Requirements Specifications 1 2 4. 2. The purpose of adopting an EA Tool? . 20 Appendix A: References . 21 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 iii May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 1. Introduction Enterprise Architectures are an emerging approach for capturing complex knowledge about organizations and technology. Enterprise Architectural approaches range from broad, enterprise focused approaches, through to approaches aimed at specific domains. The focus of enterprise architecture efforts is now shifting to become more holistic, thereby necessitating the use of comprehensive modeling tools to analyze and optimize the portfolio of business strategies, organizational structures, business processes / tasks and activities, information flows, applications, and technology infrastructure. Important to adoption of an enterprise architectural approach is the availability of tools to su pport the development, storage, presentation and enhancement of enterprise architecture representations. As with enterprise architecture methodologies, enterprise architecture tools to support the architectural development process are still emerging. High value is derived from consolidating this portfolio of business artifacts into a single repository in a standardized manner to support enterprise analysis and optimization. 1. 1. EA Tools Review Framework To consistently review enterprise architecture tools a review framework is defined. The review framework consists of two dimensions: the basic functionality of the tool, and the utility of the tool to different professionals. When reviewing an EA tool‘s basic functionality, the reviewer has to describe how well the tool performed the different functions needed for the enterprise architecture development activity. The tools basic functionality was examined in the following areas: Methodologies and Models; Model Development Interface; Tool Automation; Extendibility and Customization; Analysis and Manipulation; Repository; Deployment Architecture; Costs and Vendor Support; Architecture Results. The second dimension, the tool‘s utility to different professionals, captures the fitness for purpose of the tool, and describes how useful the tool would be to particular professionals. The types of professionals considered were: Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 1 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection Enterprise Architects; Solution Architects Strategic Planners / Management; Enterprise Program Managers Software Architects / engineers External Partners. EA Tools Review Framework Methodologies and Models Model Development Interface Tool Automation Enterprise Architects Solution Architects Strategic Planners / Management Requirements Enterprise Program Managers Requirements Software Architects / Engineers Requirements External Partners Overall Requirements List = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Extendibility Customization Analysis and Manipulation Repository Deployment Architecture Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Costs and Vendor Su pport Architecture Results Weigh Factors Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements 1. 2. Functionality Dimension This dimension of the EA Tools review framework attempts to capture how well the tool performs the core functions needed to support the enterprise architecture development activity. This dimension breaks the functionality of an enterprise architecture tool into eight key areas. 1. 2. 1. Methodologies and Models The most important feature of an enterprise architecture tool the methodologies and modeling the approaches it supports. The approaches the tool supports dictate the types of enterprise architectures the tool is capable of supporting, and to an extent, the type of analysis and manipulation functions the tool is capable of performing. As well as reviewing the methodologies and modeling approaches, this functional area also reviews how well, or how completely, the tool implements the methodologies and modeling approaches it claims to support. For tools that are capable of supporting multiple methodologies and modeling approaches, this functional area also examines how well the different approaches are integrated. For example, when complementary methodologies and modeling approaches (for example process modeling and data modeling) are used, how well can the different approaches be used together in an overall enterprise architectural approach? Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 2 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection When a tool supports competing approaches (for example two approaches to data modeling) how well can the data being modeled be moved between the different perspectives offered by the competing approaches? 1. 2. 2. Model Development Interface The model development interface is the mos t obvious part of an enterprise architecture development tool. It is the interface used to design, build, maintain and often manipulate, the models that make up the architecture. Generally, models are built and maintained graphically, by manipulating cons and the connections between them. The tool‘s model development interface may also use textual interfaces to allow additional information to be appended to the graphical models. The overall quality of the model development interface is an important characteristic of any enterprise architecture development tool. The interface must support the modeling activity well, for example by automating some of the drawing functions, by automatically laying out models, or by providing pick lists of alternative values at the appropriate places during the modeling activity. The model development interface must also be intelligently structured, make good use of limited screen space, be logical and consistent to use and navigate. The tool s hould ideally follow the graphical user interface conventions and guidelines that apply to its host operating system. 1. 2. 3. Tool Automation Developing and populating enterprise architecture models is often the most time consuming part of the enterprise architecture development activity. By providing support for automating parts of the enterprise architecture development processes, a tool can help speed up the overall development activity. A tool may support the creation of macros or scripts, to automate common functions or actions, or to group several functions together into one action. These may be used to automate parts of the model development activity. This feature is closely related to the tool‘s ability to be customized, which is described in the next section. The tool may also provide the ability to automatically generate enterprise architecture models based on data held within the tool‘s repository, or have the ability to generate enterprise architecture mo dels as a result of data manipulation functions. . 2. 4. Extendibility and Customization This functional group captures how well an enterprise architecture tool can be modified to meet the unique enterprise architectural requirements of a unique organization. Enterprise Architecture tools may support customization by allowing users to add new modeling approaches or to modify the modeling approaches already supported by the tool. A tool may also support modification by providing a programming interface, allowing the functions of the tool to be modified, or allowing the tool to be integrated with other software products. Most enterprise architecture tools that support high levels of customization allow the underlying meta-models of the tool to be modified, and new meta-models added. Metamodels are literally models about models. They describe what entities can exist Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments , 2001-2009 3 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection within particular models, the legal relationships between the different entities, and their properties. By modifying the existing meta-models, or adding completely new meta-models, a tool can be customized to support new modeling approaches. The ability to modify the tool via a programming interface allows the functionality and behavior of the tool to be customized to meet the unique requirements of the organization. Programming customization may be achieved though the use of an application scripting language, for example Visual Basics for Applications (VBA), or through support for adding external components, for example, Active X/DCOM components. Enterprise Architecture tools may be extended by integrating them with other software products. This may be achieved via direct integration through an exposed API within the tool, or via a middleware layer, for example ActiveX/DCOM, CORBA, and so on . Integration may also be supported via importing and exporting data into and out of the tool via standard file types; for example, character delimited or fixed width delimited text files, HTML, or SYLK files and so on. 1. 2. 5. Analysis and Manipulation As well as supporting the development of enterprise architecture models, an enterprise architecture tool may also provide support for analysis and manipulation of the developed models. The type of analysis and manipulation support provided by the tool is often tied to the particular modeling approaches supported by the tool. For example, Flow Analysis is often tied to process/workflow modeling. Analysis support provided by a tool may simply examine how correct or complete the model is, relative to a particular modeling approach used. More sophisticated analysis support may allow the model to be interrogated in some way, or be subjected to particular analysis methods. Analysis support may include the ability to compare different v ersions of models, allowing current and to-be enterprise architectures to be compared. Manipulation functions capture a tool‘s ability to change the way the models are represented and viewed. This may include the ability to view models from particular perspectives, for example showing only particular classes of entities, or the ability to amalgamate separate models into a single model. 1. 2. 6. Repository Most of the tools on the market make use of some kind of data repository to hold the developed models. The functions provided by the tool‘s repository have a significant impact on the overall functionality, scalability and extendibility of an enterprise architecture tool. Some tools make use of commercial relational database management systems, or commercial Object Orientated or Object/Relational database systems, while others use proprietary repository systems. A tool‘s repository often dictates the way users can collaborate. A repository may provide suppor t for collaboration by supporting multiple, concurrent, users on the one repository, or by providing the ability to combine models developed by different modelers into one model. Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5.  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 4 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection The repository may also provide many different data management functions, including the ability to support model versioning, the ability to roll back to previous versions, the ability to lock parts of the model against change, and the ability to control access to part or the entire model. 1. 2. 7. Deployment Architecture A tool‘s deployment architecture describes the tool‘s software structure and software implementation. Generally, enterprise architecture tools tend to adopt one of two deployment architectures: either a single user/single client structure, or a simple two-tier client/server str ucture. Single user/single client structured tools are designed to operate on one workstation, and can generally only be used by one user at a time. Tools that implement this style of deployment architecture generally have a very tight coupling between the tool and its repository. In this type of deployment architecture, only one modeler can have access to the repository at any one time. The second common deployment architecture found within the enterprise architecture tool domain is a simple two tier client/server structure. Tools that implement this style of deployment architecture generally have looser coupling between the tool and the repository. Generally, the repository is stored on a network server, and can often be accessed by multiple concurrent users. This deployment architecture allows multiple modelers to work on the same models concurrently. 1. 2. 8. Costs and Vendor Support The final functional group considered is the cost of the tool and after sales support prov ided by the vendor. The cost of enterprise architecture tool licenses can range anywhere from â‚ ¬ 1,500 to â‚ ¬ 7,000 per license, and optional extras are often available for an additional cost. Given the high costs of this type of tool, the types of licensing agreements offered by the vendor, and how they may lower the overall cost, is important. For example, does the vendor support floating licenses, allowing expensive licenses to be shared among a large group of users? Does the vendor offer discounts for bulk purchases, or site licenses? Does the vendor offer discounts to government or non-profit organizations? Also important in the overall cost of adopting an enterprise architecture tool, are the cost and type of maintenance and/or after sales support contracts offered by the vendor. Is the vendor able to offer comprehensive, in-house training? If the vendor is a foreign company, do they have an Australian representative available to provide training? Does the vendor o ffer free technical support? Is the vendor able to offer free or heavily discounted upgrades? How does the vendor address software faults discovered by the user? What is the yearly maintenance costs associated with the tool? 1. 2. 9. Architecture Results Essential results are those required for all enterprise architectures, while supporting results may be necessary to fulfill specific informational needs. Only those supporting results that portray the desired characteristics should be created. The required results should help formulate the selection of a framework and associated toolset. Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5.  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 5 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection It is essential that the Chief Enterprise Essential results — the graphics, models, and/or narratives that every Architect guide the development of the enterprise architecture description mu st EA views and landscapes to meet the include, to support the scope and needs of the Business IT, characteristics of the EA. especially in the desired level of detail Supporting results — the graphics, needed in the EA results. If the content models, and /or narratives that may be is at too high level of abstraction, it may needed to further elaborate on essential not be sufficiently useful to guide products or to address particular domain decision-making. If the content is too or scope extensions (e. g. outsourcing or transformation considerations). detailed, it may be difficult to oversee the impact and the risks. Define and select your own visualization / modelling techniques to visualise the context, landscape models and diagrams to meet your stakeholder‘s demands. Our experience is that visualizing the EA results in the format of large photographic / picturized posters that are coloured in line with the organizations house style is very effective. So define upfront what kind of models, languages and visualizations do you expect from the support of a tool. 1. 3. Different Professionals Dimension The evaluation of the tools considered their suitability for use by different professionals. The needs of other groups, such as software architects, are not considered in this EA tools selection framework. . 3. 1. Enterprise Architects Enterprise Architects investigate all aspects of enterprise architectural approaches and methodologies. This can involve researching different representations and enterprise architectural structures, including the development and investigation of alternative modeling approaches. As such, the requirements for a tool to support enterprise architectural research are quite challenging. The over-arching requirement is flexibility in defining and adapting modeling approaches. However, a robust tool is also required to develop large-scale demonstrators to investigate, and promote these alternative approaches. 1. 3. 2 . Solution Architects Solution Architects are focused at the Solution level and working with the developing vendor to design and implement the Solution. Solution Architects report frequently to Project Managers, but have a dotted-line responsibility to the Enterprise Architects in order to maintain consistency and interoperability across Business IT. Therefore their needs for tooling support are different from the Enterprise Architect. 1. 3. 3. Strategic Planners / Management Strategic planners, including executive management and innovating staff, use the enterprise architectures results for strategic decision making. They need to be assembled and modified quickly, and should be based on current (or planned) future capability. Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 6 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection Strategic planners need a tool that is easy to use. It is highly desirable that local support is available when required. The tool should have strong drawing and reuse facilities including support for multiple, related, configurations within a single architecture. Quick, automated, analysis and consistency checking is highly desirable. Integration with existing data sources is essential, particularly when implementing planning facilities. 1. 3. 4. Enterprise Program Managers Enterprise Program Managers as well as domain program managers and often project managers supports the enterprise architecture program in order to support the implementation and transformation phase. The enterprise architecture tools should be able to capture current and future resources (such as platforms, assets and components), organizations, people, information exchanges, tasks or activities, and processes and their relationships as well as program planning facilities. Enterprise Program managers need a tool that is easy to use, with support available w hen required. Local support is desirable, but probably not essential providing it is very responsive. The tool should have a strong planning and analysis capability and allow reuse between enterprise architectures for different activities undertaken at different times. . 3. 5. Software Architects / Engineers A Software Architecture relates requirements, fixed system hardware, and infrastructure (i. e. , COTS or GOTS) to software structures in order to demonstrate software effectiveness, therefore their needs for tooling support are different from the Enterprise and Solution Architect. 1. 3. 6. External Partners As earlier mentioned Solution Architects and Software Architects are often working together with Vendors / Partners. Sometimes these partners have different demands from results supported by tools. Therefore it is interesting to know their specific needs / demands. Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Dev elopments, 2001-2009 7 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 2. Enterprise Architecture Modelling TOGAF A coherent description of enterprise architectures provides insight, enables communication among different stakeholders and guides complicated (business and IT) change processes. Unfortunately, so far no enterprise architecture description language exists that fully enables integrated enterprise modelling. In this chapter the focus is on the requirements and design of such a language. This language defines generic, organization-independent concepts that can be specialized or composed to obtain more specific concepts to be used within a particular organization. It is not the intention to re-invent the wheel for each enterprise architectural domain: wherever possible there will be a conformation to existing languages or standards such as UML. Then these standards will be complemented with missing concepts, for example focusing on concepts to mod el the relationships among enterprise architectural domains. The concepts should also make it possible to define links between models in other languages. The relationship between enterprise architecture descriptions at the business layer and at the application layer (business-IT alignment) plays a central role. Changes in an organizations strategy and business goals have significant consequences for the organization structure, processes, software systems, data management and technical infrastructures. Organizations have to adjust processes to their environment, open up internal systems and make them transparent to both internal and external parties. Enterprise architectures are a way to chart the complexity involved. Many enterprises have recognized the value of architectures and to some extent make use of them during system evolution and development. Depending on the type of enterprise or maturity of the architecture practice, in most cases a number of separate enterprise arc hitectural domains are distinguished such as business, information, application and technology infrastructure domain. For each enterprise architectural domain architects have their own concepts, modelling techniques, tool support, visualization techniques and so on. Clearly, this way of working does not necessarily lead to a coherent view on the enterprise. Enterprises want to have insight into complex change processes. The development of coherent views of an enterprise and a disciplined enterprise architectural working practice significantly contribute to the solution of this complex puzzle. Coherent views provide insight and overview, enable communication among different stakeholders and guide complicated change processes. Unfortunately there is a downside to this euphoria. So far no enterprise architecture description language exists that fully enables integrated enterprise modelling. There is a need for an enterprise architecture language that enables coherent enterprise m odelling. Enterprise architects need proper instruments to constructs architectures in a uniform way. The next figure illustrates the scope of such an integrated set of enterprise architecture results. Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 8 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection Contextual Reflection Aspect Reflection Business Reflection Model based Enterprise (Concepts) Reflection Transformation Reflection Technological Reflection Model Based Domain Reflection Overview of possible Enterprise Architecture Results Relations Scope of Enterprise Architecture Results Important elements of such an approach include: o The development of a coherent enterprise modelling language. o Development of specialized views and visualization techniques in order to provide insight for different stakeholders. o Development of analysis techniques that aid in understanding the complex models. By using a uniform modelling language enterprise architects can avoid a Babellike confusion. At the same time an architectural modelling language should allow the development of specialized visualization techniques for different stakeholders, such as business managers, end-users, project managers, system developers, etc. After all, enterprise architectures are the means by which enterprise architects communicate with the different stakeholders, and this communication works best if it is tailored towards the specific concerns and information needs that they have. Additionally, analysis techniques, for example, impact-of- change analysis, provide ways to study the properties of an integrated model in more detail. In this way enterprise architecture provides the desired insight and overview, which allows a well-organized change process. 2. 1. The ArchiMate Modelling Language1 By realizing that multiple languages and dialects will always exist, striving for one un ique language would be like chasing windmills. Therefore, the flexibility to use other languages is recognized, and is addressed by means of a specialization and generalization requirement of the language itself. In the view of the ArchiMate project a well-defined enterprise architecture language forms the core of such an architecture approach. In this chapter the focus is on the requirements and a first design of such a language. It is not the intention to re-invent the wheel for each architecture domain. When possible standards will be followed, such as UML, as closely as possible. The focus is on the identification of specific relationship concepts and the definition of cross-domain relations. In order to arrive at a 1 https://www. pengroup. org/archimate/ The ArchiMate Forum of The Open Group is the platform for everyone involved with the use and evolution of ArchiMate. Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture D evelopments, 2001-2009 9 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection coherent architectural description, several architectural domains and layers as well as their relations must be modelled. This chapter describes the first steps towards a language to support this. The relations between the business and application layer, which play a central role in this version of the language, are a first contribution to the solution of the business-ICT alignment problem that ArchiMate try to tackle. For the state of the art in enterprise modelling, languages have to consider for organisation and process modelling and languages for application and technology modelling. Although there is a trend towards considering the relationship between the organisational processes and the information systems and applications that support them (often referred to as ? business-IT alignment), modelling echniques to really express this relationship hardly exist yet. A wide variety of organisation and process modelling languages are currently in use: there is no single standard for models in this domain. The conceptual domains that are covered differ from language to language. In many languages, the relations between domains are not clearly defined. Also, most languages are not really suitable to describe architectures: they provide concepts to model, e. g. , detailed business processes, but not the high-level relationship. Some of the most popular languages are proprietary to specific software tools. Relevant languages in this category include: o The Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is a standard for business process modeling, and provides a graphical notation for specifying business processes in a Business Process Diagram (BPD), based on a flowcharting technnique very similar to activity diagrams from Unified Modeling Language (UML). The objective of BPMN is to support business process management for both technical users and business users by provi ding a notation that is intuitive to business users yet able to represent complex process semantics. IDEF originating from the US Ministry of Defence is a collection of 16 (unrelated) diagramming techniques, three of which are widely used: IDEF0 (function modelling), IDEF1/IDEF1x (information and data modelling) and IDEF3 (process description). ArchiMate as an Enterprise Architecture modelling language, originally developed as an initiative of a consortium of Dutch organisations and the Telematica Institute, today ArchiMate is part of the Open Group set of Standards. o o 2. 2. TOGAF 9 TOGAF Version 9 Enterprise Edition (TOGAF 9 for short) is a detailed method and set of supporting resources for developing an Enterprise Architecture. Developed and endorsed by the membership of The Open Groups Architecture Forum, TOGAF 9 represents an industry consensus framework and method for Enterprise Architecture. As a comprehensive, open method for Enterprise Architecture, TOGAF 9 compleme nts, and can be used in conjunction with, other frameworks that are more focused on specific aspects of architecture or for vertical sectors such as Government, Defense, and Finance, therefore the support of tools is important. Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 10 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 3. Overview of Enterprise Architecture Tools(2) 3. 1. Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments Your, Return On Information Your, Return On Information Overview of vendors Tools. (3) Risk / Strategy / Enterprise / Solution Architecture Tools Overview 2009 Governance, Risk, Compliancy Enterprise/ITPo rtfolio Business/I management T Strategy 5. 0 (C) Copyrights IFEAD 2001 2009 Modelling Languages Support (BPMN, Archimate, UML) Not Specified Not Specified Supplier Aam tech Acceptsoftware Tool SAMU Accept 360 Adaptive EA Manager, IT Portfolio Mana ger, Metadata Manager, Project Portfolio Manager Program Management Enterprise Architecture Solution Architecture Software Engineering Togaf 9 Support Not Specified Not Specified Adaptive Not Specified Not Specified Agilense Altova Alfabet ASG Software Solutions Avolution EA Webmodeler Altova Enterprise Suite Planning IT ASG-Rochade Abacus BiZZdesign Architect, BiZZdesigner, Riskmanager Corporate Modeler Enterprise Edition SimProcess Not Specified Not Specified Togaf 9 Not Specified Togaf 9 Not Specified UML Not Specified Not Specified Archimate, BPMN, UML Bizzdesign Casewise CACI International Togaf 9 Togaf 9 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Togaf 9 Togaf 9 Togaf 9 Not Specified Togaf 9 Not Specified Not Specified Togaf 9 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Togaf 9 Not Specified Togaf 9 Not Specified Archimate Archimate, BPMN, UML BPMN UML BPMN BPMN Not Specified UML Archimate, BPMN Not Specified Not Speci fied UML BPMN, UML Not Specified Not Specified BPMN Not Specified Not Specified BPMN, UML Not Specified BPMN, UML Archimate, BPMN, UML Archimate, BPMN, UML Not Specified Enterprise Elements Elements Repository Modeling Validation Forsight Tool set Future Tech Systems, Inc ENVISION ® VIP GoAgile MAP Product GoAgile Suite IBM Rational Software IBM Architect ARIS Business IDS Scheer Performance Edition Intelligile Corporation MAP Suite + ITAA Knotion Consulting LogicLibrary Mega International CA Palisade Metastorm Qualiware Salamander Organisation Select Business Solutions Simon Labs Sparx Systems IBM TeleLogic Troux Visible UDEF Explorer Logidex Mega (Process, Architect, Designer) NetViz Suite Risk Decision Analysis Metastorm Enterprise Products Qualiware Product Suite MooD Transformation Technology Select Solution Factory SimonTool Enterprise Architect System Architect Family + Rhapsody Troux 8 Visible Advantage Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyr ights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 11 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 4. Candidate Tool Requirements Checklist First and foremost, objectives for acquiring and using a comprehensive modeling tool must be articulated and agreed to by all stakeholders. Since this tool is to support enterprise architecture, enterprise-level objectives must be included. Once that is accomplished, the objectives must be translated into requirements for both vendor presence and performance. Also, architectural principles both high-level conceptual and domain-level detailed must be included as screening criteria. Principles can either be converted into requirements or left as-is, requiring vendors to demonstrate their support of such principles. The functional requirements of a tool must be understood prior to embarking on a selection. Only the functionality that is currently required of the tool or that which will be realisticall y necessary in the future should be selected. The next list is a candidate listing of requirements and specifications. Enhance this list for your own specific situation. Only the functionality that is currently required of the EA tool, or that which will be realistically necessary in the future, should be selected. 4. 1. Candidate list of EA Tool Requirements Specifications 1 1. 1 1. 1. 1 1. 1. 2 1. 1. 3 1. 1. 4 1. 1. 5 1. 1. 6 1. 1. 7 1. 1. 8 1. 1. 9 1. 1. 10 1. 1. 11 1. 2 1. 2. 1 1. 2. 2 1. 2. 3 1. 2. 4 1. 2. 5 1. 2. 6 1. 2. 7 Operational Technical Fit Platform Environment Can the client software be installed on MS Windows XP? Can the client software be installed on MS Windows Vista? Can the client software be installed on Linux? Can the server component be set up on MS Windows 2003 Server? Can the server component be set up on SunSolaris? Can the server component be set up on Linux Servers? Can the server component be set up on Unix Servers? Can the repository be set up u sing the latest versions of Oracle DB? Which Versions? Can the repository be set up for SQL Server? Which Versions? Can the web client be set up for MS Internet Explorer? Which Versions? Are there specific requirements or specifications to setup the repository? Which? Performance Availability Can additional licenses be added dynamically without the need to affect users PCs? Can the tool still operate for a period of time if the server holding the licenses fail, e. g. crashes? Does the tool handle extreme amounts of data e. g. millions of records? Does the tool operate at the same performance if there are 100 users accessing the same repository? Offers the tool facilities to monitor its performance? Is remote access feasible and practical (e. g. via GPRS/notebook)? Can the tool perform several tasks at the same time? (e. g. run a report in the background)? Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001- 2009 2 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 1. 2. 8 1. 3 1. 3. 1 1. 3. 2 1. 3. 3 1. 3. 4 1. 3. 5 1. 3. 6 1. 3. 7 1. 3. 8 1. 3. 9 1. 3. 10 1. 3. 11 1. 3. 12 1. 3. 13 1. 3. 14 1. 3. 15 1. 3. 16 1. 4 1. 4. 1 1. 4. 2 1. 4. 3 1. 4. 4 1. 4. 5 1. 4. 6 1. 4. 7 1. 4. 8 1. 5 1. 5. 1 1. 5. 2 1. 5. 3 1. 6 1. 6. 1 1. 6. 2 1. 6. 3 1. 6. 4 1. 7 1. 7. 1 1. 7. 2 1. 7. 3 1. 7. 4 2 2. 1 2. 1. 1 2. 1. 2 2. 1. 3 2. 1. 4 2. 1. 5 Does the tool have a simultaneous update of open views without user interaction? Security (User Admin) Is the user required to log on every time he uses the tool? Is it possible to authorize the user at the level of objects? Is it possible to authorize the user at the level of class properties? Does the tool support role based user management? Does the tool support check-in/check-out items of repository? Does the tool support read only access? Does the tool support management of user groups? Does the tool support more than 100 simultaneously logged on users? Assuming there are licenses, can any number of users access the repository at the same time? Are there at least four different user profiles which can have hierarchical relationships to each other? Does the tool record the full history of changes to objects? Does the tool run reports on utilization of its licenses? Does the tool support external Accountancy Audits? Does the tool stamp all changes done to objects with a time-user stamp? Is it possible to define own user profiles? Is it possible to (explicitly) lock models or parts of models? Software Distribution Is a central shared installation possible, which allows users to access the tool without local installation procedures? Does the tool support shared installation of upgrades? Are upgrades possible without a system (esp. server) shutdown? Does the tool support shared initial installation? (I. e. can the tool be site-installed and the installation shared by users)? Are bug fixes distributed in the form o f patches? Are patches freely available? Can patches be downloaded from the Internet? Do you have less than three releases a year with well before published release plans? Release Management Does the tool support rollback? Does the tool support replication/synchronization mechanisms? Is it possible to replicate parts of the repository to local repositories? Tool Architecture Does the tool have a client / server architecture? Does the tool provide a thin client? Does the tool provide a thick client? Does the tool provide standalone usage? Technical and Operational Requirements Does the tool have below or average requirements on operational memory? Please define. Does the tool have below or average requirements on CPU? Please define. Does the tool have below or average requirements on external memory (disks)? Please define. Does the tool use a standard RDBMS? Please define. Vendor Support Help Desk Support Can help desk support be offered in English or other languages? Can you offe r time to repair guarantee? Do you provide standard escalation procedures for problem resolution? Is a log of all known bugs, including date of first occurrence, status and date of closure, available online for at least the last 6 months? Can these resources be contacted by phone and e-mail? Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 13 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 2. 1. 6 2. 1. 7 2. 1. 8 2. 1. 9 2. 1. 10 2. 1. 11 2. 1. 12 2. 1. 13 2. 2 2. 2. 1 2. 2. 2 2. 2. 3 2. 2. 4 2. 2. 5 2. 2. 6 2. 2. 7 2. 2. 2. 3 2. 3. 1 2. 3. 2 2. 4 2. 4. 1 2. 4. 2 2. 4. 3 2. 4. 4 2. 4. 6 2. 5 2. 5. 1 2. 5. 2 2. 6 2. 6. 1 2. 6. 2 2. 6. 3 2. 6. 4 3 3. 1 3. 1. 1 3. 1. 2 3. 1. 3 3. 1. 4 3. 1. 5 3. 1. 6 3. 1. 7 3. 1. 8 3. 1. 9 3. 1. 10 3. 1. 11 Does the help desk have a list of all customizations/work carried out by consultants on the clients site? Can the tool be installed without training? Does the tool provide interactive help? Is the interactive help comprehensive and easy to navigate? Does the tool have an online tutorial? Does the tool have tutorial/help on features? Does the tool have online documentation? Do you run a global bulletin board for raising bug enquiries? Training Do you have dedicated in-house product trainers? Do you provide training specifically for Enterprise Modellers? Can the training be conducted in other languages then English? Which languages? Do you publish regular training schedules? Do you provide formal training of the product? Is courseware available for purchase? Do you provide web based training /e-learning? Do you offer on-site trainings all over the world? Professional Services (Migration) Do you provide consulting services? Do you offer tools or (assistance with) a one-off conversion of documents from Excel, Visio, Word or other format to your tool? Documentation Will you provide us with a full comprehensive set of docu mentation covering all aspects of the tool? Are changes made available on the Web? Are all documents made available in both hard and soft format? Is the documentation available other languages than English? Define Is there additional documentation available for purchase? Local Support Do you offer local support in Europe? Do you offer guaranteed reaction times? Newsgroups Is there a user group for your product? Do they meet regularly? Do they have a website? Do you run a global newsgroup for discussion? Functional Fit (Specific) Support Analysis Does the tool search enterprise architecture design patterns in order to suggest a possible solution? Does the tool support the process of enterprise architecture requirement analysis and the process of generating architecture design? Does the tool offer consistency checking and quality checks for designed architectures in accordance to architecture principles and rules? Does the tool support impact analysis at all levels? Does the tool s upport delta analysis at all levels? Are there syntax checks through the given data? Are there semantic checks through the given data? Can new consistency checks be defined at any time? Does the tool support bottleneck analysis? Does the tool offer a common meta-model? Does the tool offer mean to force mandatory inputs? Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 14 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 3. 1. 12 3. 2 3. 2. 1 3. 2. 2 3. 2. 3 3. 2. 4 3. 2. 5 3. 2. 6 3. 2. 7 3. 2. 8 3. 3 3. 3. 1 3. 3. 2 3. 3. 3 3. 4 3. . 1 3. 4. 2 3. 4. 3 3. 4. 4 3. 4. 5 3. 4. 6 3. 4. 7 3. 4. 8 3. 4. 9 3. 5 3. 5. 1 3. 5. 2 3. 5. 3 3. 5. 4 3. 5. 5 3. 5. 6 3. 5. 7 3. 5. 8 3. 5. 9 Does the tool support the structured access to stored objects and attributes (trees, hierarchy)? Support of Enterprise Architecture Frameworks Delivers the tool Support for Zachman Framework? Delivers the to ol Support for FEAF (Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework)? Delivers the tool Support for E2AF (Extended Enterprise Architecture Framework)? Delivers the tool Support for DoDAF (C4ISR)? Delivers the tool Support for TOGAF v9 EA Framework? Delivers the tool Support for a custom or proprietary enterprise architecture framework? Can the tool handle references to an external custom enterprise architectural framework? Does the tool aid user with navigation in a custom enterprise architecture framework? Support of Enterprise Architecture Program (Time) Does the tool have a timeline marking of objects (e. g. objects valid from.. to.. )? Does the tool handle different stages of existence of objects (e. g. under discussion, valid, in operation, discarded)? Can the tool produce time-related output? (e. g. o show the enterprise architectural landscape at a specific date (to any freely chosen date)? Simulation Does the tool support simulation of alternative enterprise architecture scena rios? Can the tool generate landscapes of (selected) objects of one or more classes? Can the tool generate a landscape of objects which existed on a certain date or over a certain period if time in the past? Is it possible to generate a to-be landscape of objects planned for certain dates? Does the tool simulate impact of changes in a scenario? Does the tool support hierarchy? Has the tool the ability to support discrete simulation? Has the tool the ability to perform Monte Carlo simulation? Have the tool facilities to graphical simulation of processes to demonstrate bottlenecks? Repository management Does the tool support Enterprise Architecture Diagrams? Does the tool have Domain Architecture Diagrams? Does the tool have Application Architecture Diagrams? Does the tool have Information Architecture Diagrams? Does the tool have IT Architecture Diagrams? Does the tool fully support Custom Type Diagrams (e. g. Management Dashboard View)? Does the tool support workflow? Does the to ol have process modeling functionality i. e. process decomposition and process charts? Does the tool support enterprise architecture design diagrams as standard or can be customized to support this, with the ability to reuse applications and system interfaces from the application architecture diagrams? Does the tool support logical models? Does the tool support physical models (system level)? Does the tool support data flow diagrams? Can the user reuse all objects/definitions (metadata items)? Can the user define and reuse applications within the tool? Can the user define and reuse system interfaces? Can the user define and reuse data flows? Can the user define and reuse functions? Can the user define and reuse technology? Can the user define and reuse requirements? Can the user define and reuse business processes? Can the user define and reuse goals? 15 May 2009 3. 5. 10 3. 5. 11 3. 5. 12 3. 5. 13 3. 5. 14 3. 5. 15 3. 5. 16 3. 5. 17 3. 5. 18 3. 5. 19 3. 5. 20 3. 5. 21 Enterpr ise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 3. 5. 22 3. 5. 23 3. 5. 24 3. 5. 25 3. 5. 26 3. 5. 27 3. 5. 28 3. 5. 29 3. 5. 30 3. 5. 31 3. 5. 32 3. 5. 33 3. 5. 34 3. 5. 35 3. 5. 36 3. 5. 7 3. 5. 38 3. 5. 39 3. 6 3. 6. 1 3. 6. 2 3. 6. 3 3. 6. 4 3. 6. 5 3. 6. 6 3. 6. 7 3. 6. 8 3. 6. 9 3. 6. 10 3. 6. 11 3. 6. 12 3. 6. 13 3. 6. 14 3. 7 3. 7. 1 3. 7. 2 3. 7. 3 3. 7. 4 3. 7. 5 3. 7. 6 3. 7. 7 3. 7. 8 3. 7. 9 3. 7. 10 3. 7. 11 3. 7. 12 3. 7. 13 3. 7. 14 Is the user able to view the architecture through a function view? Is the user able to view the architecture through an information view? Is the user able to view the architecture through an integration view? Is the user able to view the architecture through a distribution view? Can the user define and reuse location? Can the user define and reuse roles? Does the tool support organization models? Can the user have an is-a relationship between a class of objects and its objects within the tool? Can the user have a belong to relationship between some defined object class? Does the tool support extensibility of repository? Does the tool support different abstraction levels (level of detail)? Can the tool generate diagrams using objects, their properties and relationships out of the repository? Has the tool the ability to create / design network hardware systems diagrams / models? Has the tool the ability to create / design communication diagrams / models? Has the tool the ability to scan networks and build network systems topology? Has the tool the ability to create an enterprise meta data dictionary? Does the tool support the incorporation of service level agreements? Has the tool the ability to support Business IT strategy definitions? Validation of Models Does the tool support a goal model, showing business goals? Does the tool support hierarchy and linking of goals? Does the tool support linking of goals to other categories of objects? Does the tool support polymorphism? Does the tool support inheritance? Does the tool support encapsulation? Does the tool have automatic parsing of requirements? (e. g. by keywords Note: Requirement means anything to comply with , e. g. business rules, IT Strategy etc. ) Does the tool have a text and graphical interface to follow the links? Does the tool support versioning of requirements, history of requirement changes, log of modifications etc? Does the tool ensure compliance to defined meta model at all levels? Does the tool ensure that involved responsible users for certain objects (e. g. systems) must agree when changes to interfaces between objects will be done? (workflow) Has the tool the ability to do impact analysis? Has the tool the ability to trace inconsistencies over models? Has the tool the ability to trace incompleteness? Support of Standard modeling languages, methods and techniques Does the tool support UML? Delivers the tool Support for MDA (i. e.. , Model Driven Architecture, OMG)? Delivers the tool Support for BPML (i. e. , Business Process Modeling Language)? Delivers the tool Support for BPEL 2. 0 (i. e.. , Business Process Execution language)? Delivers the tool Support for BPMN (i. e. , Business Process Modeling Notation)? Delivers the tool Support for ADML (i. e. , Architecture Description Markup Language, Open Group)? Does the tool support the Yourdon methodology? Does the tool support the Archimate Modeling language? Does the tool support SSADM (i. e. , Structured Systems Analysis Design Methodology)? Does the tool support modeling processes with a swim-lane diagramming approach? Has the tool the ability to develop IDEF0 diagrams? Has the tool the ability to develop IDEF1 diagrams? Has the tool the ability to perform IDEF 1X data modeling? Has the tool the ability to develop IDEF 3 diagrams? 16 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © C opyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 3. 7. 15 3. 7. 16 3. 7. 17 3. 7. 18 3. 7. 19 3. 7. 20 3. 7. 21 3. 7. 22 3. 7. 23 3. 7. 24 3. 7. 25 3. 7. 26 3. 8 3. 8. 1 3. 8. 2 4 4. 1 4. 1. 1 4. 1. 2 4. 1. 3 4. 1. 4 4. 1. 5 4. 1. 6 4. 1. 7 4. 1. 8 4. 1. 9 4. 1. 10 4. 1. 11 4. 1. 12 4. 1. 13 4. 1. 14 4. 1. 15 4. 1. 16 4. 1. 17 4. 1. 18 4. 1. 19 4. 1. 20 4. 2 4. 2. 1 4. 2. 2 4. 2. 3 4. 2. 4 4. 2. 5 4. 2. 6 4. 2. 7 4. 2. 8 4. 2. 9 4. 2. 10 Does the tool support for IDL (IDEF Interchange Definition Language)? Does the tool support a Six Sigma approach? Does the tool support ISO 900x methodology? Has the tool the ability to develop ANSI standard flowcharts? Does the tool Support for ABC (i. e. , activity based costing)? Hast the tool the ability to create UML v 2. 0 diagrams (e. q. , use cases, state diagrams sequence diagrams, etc)? Has the tool the ability to create IE entity relationship (ER) diagrams? Does the tool support for cardinal notation to create up to fifth normal form ER diagrams? Has the tool the ability to associate multiple attributes per entity (e. q.. , ;25)? Has the tool the ability to generate physical data models (e. q.. , DDL)? Has the tool the ability to create DFDs (i. e. , data flow diagrams)? Does the tool support for Jackson use cases? Support for Enterprise Architecture Review Management Does the tool support identification of components where counter steering is required? Does the tool provide information objects to store, access review reports and results in a structured manner? Functional Fit (General) User Interface Can the user decide on what level to navigate through the tool? Does the tool navigate through a browser? Does the tool support drill down/drill up between levels of detail? Does the tool support undo/redo functionality? Can any number, without a limit, of levels of diagrams be attached to a top level diagram? Does the too l support navigation between the graphical tool and the database in both directions? Does the tool have a search engine for structured and unstructured information? Does the tool have a database of patterns? Does the tool have a database of customizable examples / solutions? Does the tool have a framework of orientation within the whole projects? Is there a common look and feel across all products? Do all elements of your product employ similar usability functions? Can the system use graphical and non-graphical user interfaces? Is the use of either interchangeable? Can drag drop be used in the graphical user interface? Does the tool support the definition of specific views for defined objects through all levels? Does the tool model connection between objects as own objects with attributes? Can attributes of connections be displayed automatically? Can the visualization of connections be changed manually/automatically? Has the tool the ability to mine for patterns within multiple models? Customization Can the user create new diagram types? Can the user create new definitions? Can the user create custom visualizations (symbols) for objects? Can the user create new matrices (relations)? Can the user create new properties for existing definitions? Is possible to create custom queries/filters? Is there no limit to the amount of diagrams, definitions, objects and matrices that can be created? Are the reports easy configurable (i. e. with little coding or very little with the help of examples and tutorials)? Can the user define custom views? Does the tool support aggregation of information in order to create one big picture (Overview)? Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 17 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 4. 2. 11 4. 2. 12 4. 4. 3. 1 4. 3. 2 4. 3. 3 4. 3. 4 4. 3. 5 4. 3. 6 4. 3. 7 4. 3. 8 4. 3. 9 4. 3. 10 4. 3. 11 4. 3. 12 4. 3. 13 4. 3. 14 4. 3. 15 4. 4 4. 4. 1 4. 4. 2 4. 4. 3 4. 4. 4 4. 4. 5 4. 4. 6 4. 4. 7 4. 4. 8 4. 4. 9 4. 4. 10 4. 4. 11 4. 4. 12 4. 4. 13 4. 4. 14 4. 4. 15 4. 5 4. 5. 1 4. 5. 2 4. 5. 3 4. 5. 4 4. 5. 5 4. 5. 6 4. 5. 7 4. 5. 8 4. 6 4. 6. 1 4. 6. 2 4. 6. 3 4. 6. 4 4. 7 4. 7. 1 Has the tool the ability to spell-check? Has the tool the ability to find and replace? Import/Integration Are there interfaces to other DB programs like: OracleX, MS SQL Server, MS Access, DB2, other? Does the tool import/export using XML? Does the tool integrate with BEA Workshop? Does the tool integrate with Oracle Designer? Does the tool integrate with Rational Rose? Has the tool the ability to support/export to a certain ERP solution? Has the tool the ability to support/export to certain CRM solution? Has the tool the ability to support/export to a certain SCM solution? Has the tool the ability to generate WFSL? Has the tool the ability to import models and diagrams from other tools (e. q. , Visio, etc)? Has t he tool the ability to import from CSV (i. e. , comma delimited ASCII)? Has the tool the ability to import from XML files)? Has the tool the ability to publish models in Microsoft Word Has the tool the ability to maintain model relationships in HTML via hyperlinks Has the tool the ability to export to Microsoft Project? Reporting Is it possible to generate, to save and to export user defined reports and graphics? Is it possible to generate HTML output, including diagrams? Is it possible to export to MS WinWord? Is it possible to export to MS Excel? Can the tool produce a summary in MS WinWord to give a summary of the architecture landscape? Can the tool produce a summary in MS WinWord or Excel to give a picture of the mappings and how it fits together? Can the MS WinWord templates/reports be changed through GUI ? Does the tool support drill down reporting? Does the tool support summary reporting? Does the tool support queries? Is it possible to export to MS Visio? Is it possib le to import from MS Visio? Is it possible to export to MS Powerpoint? Is it possible to print all generated reports, graphics to standard output formats (DIN A0-A4), PDF? Is it possible to publish defined information automatically based on predefined states, events or time? Version Management Is there a version mechanism within the tool? Can the tool provide several versions of one metadata object? Is it possible to compare models within a repository? Can the tool handle conflicts on import and merge commands? Does the tool allow multiple versions of an object? Does the tool support comparisons between versions of objects? Does the tool support migration of individual objects/components through development phases? Does the tool support resolution of migration conflicts during the migration of multiple releases? Documentation Management Does the tool produce documents in industry standard formats (ISO, IEEE †¦)? Does the tool support generating of presentations? Does the too l support WYSWIG preview of output documents and presentations? Does the tool support concurrent review, markup and comment of documents, designs, etc? Help and Tutorials Installation: Can the tool be installed without vendor‘s assistance? Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 18 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 4. 7. 2 4. 7. 3 4. 7. 4 4 Don’t waste time! 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Night Nights - Original Writing - 845 Words

I can remember as a child going on vacation with my whole family. All my cousins in one house, it was a great time until night time. We all would camp out in the living, our parents would tuck us in and then it was off to bed. Sleeping peacefully until one of my cousins woke us all up screaming while she was sleeping. Night after night we had to deal with this. The following year I as well as all of my cousins anticipated the same thing. Peacefully sleeping only to be awaken in the middle of the night by shears of horror. But to all of our surprise my cousin sleep peacefully all the way through the night every night. It was a flash from the past learning about night terrors. As we lectured over the topic, I immediately put the pieces together. What my cousin was suffering though as a child was night terrors. My cousin fit the definition for getting night terrors to the T. She also fit getting rid of night terrors to the T. Relationship to Course Content Sleep is crucial for a child developing. At the the time we were all in kindergarden, meaning we needed roughly 10-11 hours of sleep a night (Rathus, 2011). Sleep acts as a battery reviser. As the day goes on we lose energy, sleep replenishes that energy. That energy aids in development. Without sleep children do not get that energy, and as a result don’t have the energy to grow and develop. Sleep terrors can potentially be a roadblock to sleep. Sleep terrors or night terrors are defined as frightening dreamlikeShow MoreRelatedThe Night - Original Writing1183 Words   |  5 Pagesfell to the floor convulsing in pain. She was turning and realised that no one could save her. She took her last breath realising she was going to become like him. A vampire. Experiencing the final stages of her turning her back arched. That was the night of her transformation. Read MoreThe Night - Original Writing792 Words   |  4 Pagesenlightning. My parents died. I was six years old. They died, because of me. We got in a reasonable argument about Clifford the Big Red Dog, of all things. I stormed out of the house at 8:00 pm. I remember how glistening the stars were that night, how the colors of purple and dark blue collided in the sky and how the moon was full and shined with what seemed like a never-ending light. I just kept running, laughing like the obnoxious six year I was. They ran after me calling my name, I justRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1528 Words   |  7 PagesAfter a long restless night, Allie had a servant draw a hot bath for her just after daybreak. She stepped in, sat down, and then let her entire body slip beneath the water. She held her nose as she wet her copper locks and soaped her head. She intended to bring the shine back- she did not like the dull creature that stared back at her from the mirror the night before. The hot water was soothing; it felt good on her tired body. After washing, s he lay there and let the warm water soak the tirednessRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1580 Words   |  7 PagesEverything was beautiful that night. The sky was as clear as the spring water. The weather was so beautiful that we thought that we were not in the summer. I was sitting outside the house in our garden with my parents. We were having a nice chat after a delicious homemade crispy chicken with fries that my mom usually do. Everything was just perfect until my father received the unexpected call. The call that I wished my father didn’t receive. â€Å"Hello†¦what! What are you saying! Calm down I’m comingRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing906 Words   |  4 PagesEvelyn peeked down the hall from her bedroom making sure the light to her parents’ room was off, indicating that they had gone to sleep. When she saw the darkened hallway she knew that her parents had gone down for the night. Her younger sisters, ages 10 and 8, had been put to sleep a couple hours before. There was no one watching. Evelyn tiptoed down the stairs—thank God they were carpeted, which helped shield the noise of her steps—and she grabbed her mom’s car keys carefully exiting the houseRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1004 Words   |  5 PagesThe crowd filled out of the arena, the buzz and excitement leaving with them. Dark walls echoed the heavy sounds of the metal equipment as it was scraped across the floor by the road crew. In the absence of the band, the crowd and the music, the atmosphere seemed as ble ak and empty as the crowd floor itself. Suddenly, echoes of past joyous screams were replaced by a single, blood curdling scream coming from the direction of the cloakroom. The sound, filled with fear, tore through the arena and bouncedRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1332 Words   |  6 Pages Waking up to the smell of strawberry jam and toast coming from the kitchen, Dan looks over at his clock to see that it is 7:30. Forcing himself up, he throws on a set of clothes and tiptoed down the stairs to be sure not to wake up Lisa. When he got to the bottom of the stairs, Dan sees both his parents, father at the kitchen table drinking coffee and reading the newspaper, and mother at the counter spreading the jam on the mountain of toast beside her. The quiet morning is comfortable and pleasantRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing723 Words   |  3 PagesDuring the summer you can find the same scene on any Saturday night. I see an elderly man near the entrance setting behind a table covered with stacks of booklets. I can tell he is employed by the park by the dark green polo shirt and tan ball cap he is wearing. Even from a distance I can hear him shout, â€Å"Programs! Get your programs. Three dollars!† As a middle aged man wearing a dark t-shirt and baggy blue jeans wal ks through the door. It becomes obvious that he is experienced with the process.Read MoreThe Night - Original Writing859 Words   |  4 Pagesfriends ran out to see what all the laughing was about. They watched the video and began cracking up too. After, we all went back inside due to the amount of bugs outside. We spent the rest of the night talking and laughing until we all fell asleep at around two in the morning. This was the last night we all spent together before heading off to college. Even though it was in the middle of the summer, life took over and we were all busy on different days. The one way that we were able to keep in contactRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing972 Words   |  4 Pageshappen now of all times! Thankfully I was only feet from an exit and barely made it to the gas station down the road. As I went to change the tire I remembered that I took the spare out the month before and forgot to put it back in. It was 11:30 at night; where the hell was I am goin g to get a tire? First I called a tow company. Thankfully they were just up the road. The only catch was they could fix my tire till the morning. So with little options, I decided to call for a taxi. Long story short it

Case Study In Challenging Circumstances †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study In Challenging Circumstances. Answer: Introduction The South East Asian people were once considered by the world to be lacking inventiveness, long from the prehistoric times, and they were receptive instead of just being creative in their contacts with people from foreign civilizations. From there to the 1990s, the Asian art forms shifted to an explosion of biennials and triennials, showing a shift to the pluralist world. The Asian megacities of Taipei, Fukuoka, Yokohama, and Singapore were key in introducing Asian audiences to foreign art and that motivated them into pushing their own regions figures to the international forefront (Bruun Kalland, 2014). In the history of modern art in Indonesia, Affandi has been referred as being a towering figure. His paintings have often been seen displaying his different emotional responses towards the lives of the people who struggle moving out of poverty towards dignity. He was a self-taught artist, and his early works majorly included representations of animals, people, sun and even several self-portraits. He was often quoted as stating that the motif he knows and likes the best is that of his own face, even if it's ugly and reminds of the dwarf Sukrasana. He became affiliated with the artist group of Lima Bandung. He was working with the likes of Hendra Gunawan, Barli, Sudarso, and Wahdi. The group later went on to become hugely significant in the development of Indonesian modern art. After independence, he became completely involved in making different types of posters that were key in evoking the struggle of the Indonesian people in opposition to the Dutch colonialism (Encyclopedia Britanni ca, 2017). In his early 1950s, his works saw a breakthrough and he started squeezing paint directly from the tube. The resultant paintings showed affinity with the works of Van Gogh and were noticeably expressionistic and expressively resonant. His spontaneous squeezing paint method very soon became an essential part of his signature style. He never learned the use of brushes and palettes, instead of smearing paint around the canvas. He spent weeks studying a subject, but the real painting hardly takes any time more than one and a half hour. He has mentioned that after an hour of working on any painting he feels his emotions declining and he stops then (Affandi.org, 2017). Affandis art changed radically, abandonment of strong linear brush strokes with a high level of realism and a higher level of individual expression. This mastering of the technique by Affandi was seen in his works Self-portrait (1944),which used watercolor having traces of impressionist style, like the oil paintin g Learning Anatomy (1948). In this specific painting, he poured all his emotions with the objects he painted. He was not just merely showing his mastery in the visual impression of the object, but the aesthetic and emotional mastery started to be reflected in his works (Sothebys.com, 2017). As per him, the history of art depends solely on the painter himself, on what he actually wants. It is hard to know the actual motivations for him, but he believes all depends on the people. In todays modern world, Indonesian artists do now wish to be included and they make no failure or want to miss out on the expanding of their artistic ideals. There are many arguments, rivalry, wars, suffering and people who are in need of the most basic things in life. Affandi was doing the art not because he was attempting to be rich but because he had to. His artworks show that his paintings are like a photographic realist, which implies that his paintings are mostly like a picture taken by a camera. Because he uses pastel paint mediums, the signs of psychological factors do not get revealed clearly. An example of his artwork in pastel medium is Kartika (1939) (Herbiga et al., 2017). Another famous South East Asian artist, Ronald Ventura is noted majorly for his paintings that feature complicated layering, combined images, and styles that range from hyperrealism to cartoons and graffiti, even for a large body of sculptural work. He takes the layering procedure in his artwork like a metaphor for the multi-layered national identity of Philippines, his home country. Across the centuries, the huge influence of different occupying powers like Japan, Spain, and the United States, besides the primary indigenous culture, have been able to generate a complicated and sometimes uncomfortable sense of identity (Tan, 2013). Ventura is famous for exploring this psychic and historical phenomenon via a dialogue of pictures that evoke East and West, old and young, high and low, evident in allusions to Old Master paintings or American and Japanese cartoons. He is successful in drawing the consideration to the second skin of cultural signifierswhich is carried by every individual, however unsuspectingly. Ventura sees skin as a kind of expressive surface, that can be written on with a tattoo, or explode outwards for revealing an inner world of fantasy and conflict or even a hidden under layers of imagery. His oeuvre contains a broad and complicated diverse range of forms, styles, and imagery, seen majorly in forms like graffiti, cartoons, hyperrealism, surrealism, pop art. One such example of an artwork can be his The Strong and the Beautiful (2009) (Asiacontemporaryart.com, 2017). In his layers of meaning concept, first of all, he is representing the particular situation of the Asian Filipino culture that is a specific fusion of the native culture and the regional landscapes and heritage, and on the other hand the huge influence of the occupying culture of Japan, Spain, and the United States. This kind of cross-cultural complex relationships bring about a particular unease and Ventura is seeking to expose all the phenomenon with the help of dialogue of imagery from the East and West. Therefore, it is evident that he is completely interested in the notions of borders, transgression, fusions, and struggles. Ventura is more interested in the concept of second skin as that is an expressive surface for different cultural signifiers, whether that is revealed, concealed or written over with tattoos (Artsy.net, 2017). He even makes attempts at broadening the range of his motivations, making use of the universal possibilities of traveling and internet. Venturas paintin gs are mostly a regular fusion of experienced cultures, across his direct will or control. The Filipino artist even manages for archiving these aesthetic qualities in different sculptures he makes, amalgamating vivid and pale, high and low, beautiful and ugly, and joy and sorrow. This kind of technique can be seen in his work Forest (2015) (Artnet.com, 2017). Conclusion Discussing both the styles and thinking of Affandi and Robert Ventura, it can be seen that South East Asian art has truly moved ahead a lot. The shift to the pluralist world has shown the rapid growth of the South East Asian art. Southeast Asian contemporary art has managed to draw ample amount of attention on the world stage by holding the hands of Affandi and now Robert Ventura. On one hand, Affandi took a realistic approach to art, using his hands and fingers to express his emotions. Ventura makes use of graffiti and layers of art to express his. Both of them have significantly contributed to the global art culture. References Affandi.org. (2017).Affandis Paintings Museum Affandi.Affandi.org. Retrieved 19 November 2017, from https://www.affandi.org/collection/affandis Artnet.com. (2017).Ronald Ventura | artnet.Artnet.com. Retrieved 19 November 2017, from https://www.artnet.com/artists/ronald-ventura/ Artsy.net. (2017).Ronald Ventura - 25 Artworks, Bio Shows on Artsy.Artsy.net. Retrieved 19 November 2017, from https://www.artsy.net/artist/ronald-ventura Asiacontemporaryart.com. (2017).ASIA CONTEMPORARY ART | Ronald Ventura.Asiacontemporaryart.com. Retrieved 19 November 2017, from https://www.asiacontemporaryart.com/artists/artist/Ronald_Ventura/en/ Bruun, O., Kalland, A. (2014).Asian perceptions of nature: a critical approach. Routledge. Encyclopedia Britannica. (2017).Affandi | Javanese artist.Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 19 November 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Affandi Herbiga, U., Styhler-Ayd?n, G., Grandits, D., Stampfer, L., Pontb, U., Mayer, I. (2017). Digital Workflows For Restoration And Management Of The Museum Affandi-A Case Study In Challenging Circumstances.International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing Spatial Information Sciences,42. Sothebys.com. (2017).Affandi and His Portrayal of Life.Sothebys.com. Retrieved 19 November 2017, from https://www.sothebys.com/en/news-video/blogs/all-blogs/eye-on-asia/2016/09/affandi.html Tan, B. H. (2013). Three trends in contemporary art from Southeast Asia.Artlink,33(1), 37.